Financial and Economic Appraisal of Water Supply, Desalination Technologies and Reuse (2024) provides a structured assessment of the costs, benefits, and feasibility of alternative water supply options. It evaluates desalination and wastewater reuse alongside conventional sources, focusing on lifecycle costs, capital investment, operation, maintenance, and energy use. The report highlights technological advancements, particularly in reverse osmosis, which have improved efficiency and reduced costs, though energy dependence remains a key challenge. It emphasizes the importance of integrating renewable energy and optimizing system design to enhance economic performance. The appraisal also examines financing mechanisms, including public-private partnerships, and the role of effective governance in project delivery. It identifies wastewater reuse as a cost-effective complement to desalination. Overall, the study supports diversified, resilient water supply strategies that balance economic viability, environmental sustainability, and long-term water security.
